Friday, September 12, 2014

The Human Challenge

Section B (Summary)(10 marks)
Question 2

Summarise the article below in 90 words in paragraph form (write down the number of words at the bottom)

The Human Challenge

Materialists lose their full potentials. They focus on the now. Satisfaction, competition and ego drive all their thoughts and actions. Everything around them is seen as threats to their goals. Fears rule their lives and physically “arming” the self becomes paramount. Insurance companies and business advertising appeal to the fears and greed  of materialists, because they know that trust in the Unseen is absent among materialists and they will pay for anything that will give them “security” – life insurance, car insurance, medical insurance, house insurance, loans, etc. They often find that when they need the “insurance” it evades them, often charging them more to get their own “investment” back. Materialists who trust in the “seen” are haunted by the inability to secure peace of mind – an unseen joy – they are often trapped in debt to secure their materialistic lifestyle and fears.

Fanatical “spiritualists” put their trust in the Unseen, but also fail to make proper provision for daily and future planning. They live for the day, but their physical, mental, social, familial and professional selves suffer. Their “trust” in the unseen, without due preparation and planning for the worldly existence, is just an escape from responsibilities. Their lives are often also riddled with financial, familial, social and professional problems. They spend most of their time putting out fires, having less time to live.

Sincere humans strike a middle road between material and spiritual needs. They do not focus on wants. They allow their spiritual insights to guide their material needs and use part of their material gains to support others.  They are realistic. They tie their camel and then put their trust in the Unseen. They do not shirk responsibilities, in fact they thrive on it, because of their faith in the Unseen. They know they are not angels nor animals, so they do not expect the impossible and neither do they allow themselves to be trapped by earthly greed. They are the intelligent ones. They leave legacies in their past, live in the moment (through appreciation), and plan for the worldly and other worldly realities. They are the truly free ones, because they have no fears and nor do they grieve about losses. They are secure in the thought that from God everything comes and everything must return to Him. They do not worry, because they have a Strong Handhold – Trust in God while following His Guidance. Through this they aim for eternal success.


Source: Article by M.F.Arnold September 2014
(part of Grade 12 English Paper Sept Prelim Exam: ICRA Comprehensive School)

Monday, September 8, 2014

Development of Self

786 ICRA Comprehensive School:  Life Orientation (6-12) :Development of The Self
1. Mankind has been Divinely programmed to seek happiness and peace through asking the questions:” Who am I, What must I do and Where am I going?”.
2. This challenges man to use his/her intellect to make informed decisions.
3. Informed decisions are made after reflecting on what influences are around us (signs/symbols/aa-yaat)
4. The Holy Qur’an reminds us of all good signs and answers these questions (in no.1 above) clearly.
5. We are creations of Allah (SWT), who must adore(deeply love and serve) Him (‘i-baa-da) to reach back to Him in Heaven, where we originally were created  and stayed for a long time, before our Earthly existence.
6. This journey/path (Ta-ree-qah) is the effort (A-mal) of developing the Self from the Naf-sul-am-maa-ra (lower/base/material Self), through the Naf-sul-low-waa-ma (the Questioning/ intellectual self) to the Nuf-sul-moet-ma-in-na ( the Self at Peace and Onenness with Allah (SWT) – The Successful Self)
7. To make our task of self-discovery and success easy, Allah (SWT) cleansed prophets (‘AS) to receive His Sent Guidance guided them to deliver it to each individual, in every nation and tribe.
8. Everyone thus has an equal chance to succeed, according to his or her circumstances, opportunities and awareness of nearness to Allah (SWT)
9. To attain nearness to Allah (SWT) we Remember and Praise Him (Thikr), due to our Gratefulness to Him.
10.In Thikr, we  use our thought, breath and sound (unseen elements), elements of Spirit (Ruugh) that Allah (SWT) Blew into us (through the first human being, the clay Nabie Adam  ‘AS), to stimulate our Naf-sul-mut-ma-in-na to become active.
11. The clay-self (the nuf-sul-am-maa-ra) naturally draws us to the love for itself , the earthly/ material things (gold, food, jewelry , cars, sex/ procreation, self-glory) which all have short-lived(limited)  happiness and which tires the body and mind, if we become obsessed with it.
12. The Prophet Mughammad (SAW) was Guided by Allah (SWT), through the Sent Book, The Holy Qur’an, to show people that it is humanly possible to attain divine strengths, power and wisdom and achieve nearness to Allah SWT and receive absolute happiness and success, if one has constant Taq-wa (Awareness of Allah SWT).
13. The Qur’an contains the Sha-ree-‘a ( The Code for Success – personally and for nations and tribes) which gives mankind the shortest method of attaining fearlessness, strength, happiness and success.
14. The Sha-ree-‘a is a water-hole/ code that constantly refreshes our bodies, intentions, thoughts and actions
15. When the Naf-sul-am-maa-ra (lower/ desirous/ earthly/material Self) is placed under the advice (hi-daa-yah) of the Sha-ree-‘ah, then the person reaches a balance between heavenly and earthly matters – this is ‘ILM –Distinguished Awareness)
16. Intellect (‘Aqal) is the active use of the Naf-sul-low-waa-ma to reach lasting happiness in the Presence of Allah (SWT) – restraining/controlling  the lower-self (‘Aqal) with regular ‘i-baa-dah (devotions:Solaah,Fasting,)
17. When the person has focused his/her full attention and love towards Allah SWT, while he/she does good deeds, then he/she is a Muslim (one who feels Safe and Sound in the Hands of Allah SWT)
18. The Muslim, who continuously shows Thankfulness and Love for Allah SWT, through good work, becomes a Friend of Allah (SWT) - Aw-li-yaa  ( those whose wishes come true because Allah SWT Loves them).
19. When the person allows his/her Naf-sul-am-maa-rah to over-power him/her, then he/she loses the inner Light (Nuur), Happiness and Peace of connection with the Divine Spirit (Rugh), and the body (Jism) and Soul (Nafs) become dark, tired and depressed, due to ungratefulness (Kufr) towards Allah SWT.
20. When the person’s efforts are towards the Naf-sul-mut-ma-in-na, his/her body, mind and soul are under the command of the Ruugh (Divine Spirit) and the body and soul then have Light (Nuur), Ghikma (Wisdom) and motivational energy that drive him/her towards lasting happiness, contentment and peace (Islam), which the Self really yearns for.
21. The development of the Self is the journey towards love and service to Allah SWT through the control of the lower self, to attain the Higher-Self in order to receive unending Baraka (Blessings) from Allah SWT.
22. The greatest Blessing from Allah SWT is the feeling of total entrustment (Ta-wak-kul) of all matters in the Hands and Allah (SWT), thus feeling confident and satisfied that all is well and there is  nothing to worry or stress about, after we have done the good work.
23. The Naf-sul-mut-ma-in-na’s effect on the self is a feeling of divine inner strength and to have no fears nor to grieve about any loses – this state is true Freedom – total submission to the Guidance of Allah SWT  - because with this state is the Knowledge that everything comes from Allah SWT and everything must go back to Allah SWT –in-naa lil-laa-hi wa in-na i-lay-hi raa-ji-‘uun. We hear His Guidance and we obey Him, because we know He Speaks the Truth – Sa-da-qal-laa-hul-‘a-theem.................and Allah, The Exalted, Knows Best.


Al-gham-du lil-laa-hi Rob-bil-‘Aa-la-meen (Praise be to Allah, The Sustainer/Lord of the all universes)                                                                                          

Tuesday, July 15, 2014

Accelerated Foundation Reading - the Holistic Way

Reading for Juniors

786
1. Reading is really about identifying symbols and sounds
2. A child's enthusiasm to read must be entertained at the earliest year.
3. Any restricted methodology or grading system will hamper progress
4. Children though loves challenging themselves to conquer levels of achievements - a common feature used in computer games - which even adults are hooked on.
5. The above thus sets the stage for the holistic accelerated reading program, which encourages:
   a. using single, hand-written reading levels combined with art - that which a child can easily imitate ( printed books cannot easily be imitated by children)
6. Start as early as possible - my experience is that children at 4years show an interest in reading and this is what made me start the accelerated program with my baby daughter who was then able to read the first levels within two weeks. She could read fluently when she entered Grade 1. Now restricted old school thinking teachers will say - "No, but the child will be bored in grade 1" that will only happen if the methodology is teacher-centred and not child-interest-centred. The advanced readers are   a teacher's reading tutors for the new non-readers (peer-reading)
7. It is advised that teachers and parents who see this accelerated holistic reading program, should re-write the notes with a black fine-liner so that the child can imitate the structures. Use numbers so that children can identify their progress. Letters and words must be placed in blocks to allow children to develop their spacial skills. I unfortunately do not have the computer icons to do the program in type-set, but interested parents/ teachers can see it on a Google video on "ICS Intervention Juniors"

Reading Levels

It is good to make big posters that contain a Level on a poster - in black paint/ felt-tip. It leaves a large and lasting print on the brain.

Level 1 ( sound the letter do not use the name of the letter)

1. 'a' for apple ( replace the word with a simple drawing)
2. 'b' for ball      "
3. 'c' for cat        "
4. 'd' for dog       "
5. 'e' for egg        "
6. 'f' for fork
7. 'g' for gate

N.B. the child will be able to read 'for' after the first seven sound introduction
The child cannot go to level 2 if he/she did not master level 1

Level 2

1.'g' for gel and 'g' for grass ( because 'g' has two sounds - children must be introduced to it early)
2. 'h' for hat
3. 'i' for iron
4. 'i' for ice ( remember replace the word with a picture/ drawing)
5. 'j' for jug
6. 'k' for kettle
7. 'l' for ladder

Level 3

1. 'm' for mat/ man/ mom ( have pictures/ simple drawings to illustrate)
2. 'n' for net
3. 'o' for orange
4. 'p' for pot
5. 'q' for queen
6. 'r' for rope
7. 's' for saw

Level 4

1. 't' for top
2. 'u' for umbrella
3. 'v' for vase
4. 'w' for wheel
5. 'x' for xylophone
6. 'y' for yo-yo
7. 'z' for zebra

N.B. Children tend to want to now want to write their own letter and drawing. Let them and encourage them

Level 5
replace the nouns with pictures or simple drawings

1. in the box
2. in the hat
3. in the house
4. in the vase
5. in the kettle
6. in the packet
7. in the car

The child will familiarise and identify 'in the'

Level 6

1. on the table ( have a picture/ drawing)
2. on the box
3. on the house
4. on the stool
5. on the chair
6. on the fridge
7. on the desk

The child will recognise "on the"

Level 7

1. at the beach
2. at the table
3. at the desk
4. at the school
5. at the house
6. at the hospital
7. at the door

Level 8

1. go out
2. go in
3. go to the house
4. go over
5. go to the school
6. go to the desk
7. go to the table

Level 9

1. he is big
2. He is small
3. he is wet
4. He is good
5. he is bad
6. he is full
7. he is dry

The child learns small and capital letters

Level 10

1. She is at the school
2. She is at the house
3. She is at the doctor
4. She is at the desk
5. She is at the beach
6. She is at the garage

Level 11

1. This is a dog (Picture)
2. This is a cat
3. This is a hat
4. This is a cup
5. This is a pen
6. This is a rubber
7. This is a phone

Level 12

1. Where is the dog ? (pictures)
2. Where is the hat ?
3. Where is the cup ?
4. Where is the pen ?
5. Where is the cat ?
6. Where is the rubber ?
7. Where is the phone ?

Level 13

1. The pen is there. (pictures in the place of the noun)
2. The cat is there.
3. The mat is there.
4. The cup is there.
5. The hat is there.
6. The phone is there.
7. The rubber is there.

The child will master 'the', 'is', 'wh' and 'th' sounds

Level 14

  • Now the child masters similar three letter sound words. 
  • The child cannot go onto the next number unless he/she has mastered the complete list back-to-front

1. bat,cat, hat, mat, sat, rat, that, fat, what, man, tan, van, ran, pan,
2. net, set, let, met,
3. car, bar, jar, tar, far, are
4. but, cut, nut. hut, tut, rut
5. pot, rot, not, hot, dot, lot
6. cool, pool, stool, noodle poodle, fool. tool, wool
7. door, pour, roar, snore, bore, store, more

Level 15

1. stand still
2. stood straight
3. still stiff
4. start stare
5. more to store
6. all the stalls
7. when, where, what, with, why ?

Level 16

1. state, rate, hate, wait, straight, date, spate, slate
2. make, hake, wake, rake, fake, lake
3. need, steed, weed, kneel, steel, wheel, reel, feel
4. stale, bale, hail, whale, sale, pale, nail, stale, mail, tail
5. dome, home, comb, stone, alone, come
6. follow, shallow, hollow, swallow,
7. shake, shook, shall, share, shave, shift, shack, shell, sure

Level 17

1. water, later, earlier, waiter, sailor,
2. should, could, would
3. mine, wine, shine, kind, line, fine
4. were, here, because, therefore, whenever, whatever, thereafter, before
5. think, thought, buy, bought, seek, sought, make, made, take, took, tell, told, go, went.
6. all, fall, tall, hall, mall, stall
7. lost, frost, toast, roast

Level 18

1. won-der-ful (wonderful)
2. fa-bu-lous (fabulous)
3. ex-cel-lent (excellent)
4. mag-ni-fi-cent ( magnificent)
5. in-cre-di-ble (incredible)
6. fan-tas-tic (fantastic)
7. mar-vel-lous (marvellous)

This allows the child an advanced level of reading syllables.
The aim is to allow the child now enough vocabulary to structure his/her own sentences from the many basic words. 

Level 19

1. big, bigger, biggest
2. small, smaller, smallest
3. great, greater, greatest
4. weak, weaker, weakest
5. strong, stronger, strongest
6. new, newer, newest
7. little, less, least

This allows the child to deal with suffixes to form degrees of comparison - a needed feature for sentence structure 

Level 20

1. The big boy has a small toy
2. The small girl has a big doll
3. The happy boy had a long stick
4. The sad girl had a very big bag
5. The lonely man had a smile on his face
6. The strong boy saw many pennies in the large bowl
7. All the marvellous men and women had a gorgeous time in the magnificent castle with many fabulous lights, candles, bangles and trimmings.

Allow the children to read everything backwards so that they are sure they are able to read well

Level 21

After this level the child will be able to read any Grade 1-6 text with confidence and will become a strong reader with lots of practice.

Each sentence that follows is developed to tell a story with the aid of similar sounds that will not only develop reading skills, but also comprehension and depth understanding of literary styles. The sentences also establish certain moral rectitudes that can be discussed with the child/children, opening doors for much deeper thinking and creative writing opportunities.

Parents and teachers can ask the child to explain in his/her own words what each sentence-story is about.

1. The famous star aimed to tame his hair before he gets the blame and becomes ashamed.
2. Would you, could you or should you mould those crowns from ground ?
3. They screamed for ice-cream and he screeched for bread, but she was quiet.
4. The horrible, terrible soldier sprayed and spewed fire from his machine-gun. Everyone dreaded his furious rage and angry mood.
5. He broke the brake with a stroke of intense power that made people shout out loud in a freak-like manner
6. The pain was too much for the slain fighter, who fought for the rights of people who suffer.
7. Which sprinkler sprouts water in the puddle in which children jump, scoop, tread, play and splash ?
8. We were shocked to see the smocked and crocheted, beautiful frock broken to shreds and thrown away.
9. Through the tunnel went the thug, but his thumb got stuck in the handle of a gate that threw him off balance.
10. Are you stunned to see how much fun we can have with gorgeous things that are expensive and rare, but good ?
11. The girl swirls around, while she stirs a mixture of stew that brew on the open fire.
12. It was fine that he drew on a cloth that was mine and on which we dine.
13. We saw an exquisite mountain view from a plain of lush grass, speckled with an extraordinary array of wildflowers that represent the heritage of Cape Town's colourful peoples of various religions and cultures.

Parents, teachers and children can challenge themselves to create new sentences using the words that developed this foundation phase reading development program.

Happy reading and writing.



Saturday, June 14, 2014

ICRA Comprehensive School (ICS) Children in Action



The Stop-Frame Movie Makers




ICS Students are driven by the school's Foci: Motivation, Integration and Acceleration of learning
ICS on-site qualified St John's First Aider, Uzair Carr::Congratulations.
Photographer: another ICS Student: Mogamat Thaakier Abrahams





Design Students doing their 2014 Final Practical Exam


Sunday, April 6, 2014

Running a Country Successfully is not Rocket Science !

786

Running a country successfully is not rocket science, because all it needs is trust, honesty, care, service and hard work. All have it. Few use it, but many abuse it - by not using it/ or pretending to use it. It is then obvious that a few of these people can lead the masses.

Politics has been riddled with dishonesty - because it often centres around wheeling and dealing with funders to keep the political party going. Yet the masses still believe in the systems of governments that keep failing them - hoping that the next leader will be better, forgetting that if the structure of government stays the same, any one placed in it - however noble the intention - is forced to toe the line and eventually again become unpopular - unless he/she has the power to change the core structure how governments operate.

South Africa has made history with a bloodless take-over by the masses and now faces problems because of internal politicking and misappropriation. But citizens are now hoping to go to the poles and vote in a new government (2014). Voting is not an act of empowerment, but rather an act of disempowerment. The individual gives another the power to lead him/her while forgoing the responsibility to act in the interest of others. It is then understandable that the voter will be disillusioned, because he/she has shirked his/her basic human right not to depend on others and to do the work he/she can do him-/herself.

Running a country is purely about doing for others what they are not able to do themselves - connecting all - with legal support (internet has made people able to connect, but only the few who have resources - the greater majority are still unconnected and exploited). It is about identifying your people's talents, gifts, strengths, abilities and aptitudes and giving them the freedom to serve each other unselfishly so that everyone can benefit - and rewarding them. A leader of a country is the kind of person who motivates, integrates and accelerates the service to each other without first seeing to him/herself from the resources of others. Leaders are not voted in. Leaders are chosen from their track record of service to humanity, but when such leaders operate in a government structure that is bad then their leadership fails.

South Africa has an excellent constitution - and a people who are tolerant. These two ingredients can make for a very successful country that can again make history.

What is needed is that the trustworthy, honest few in each family and community must be chosen and they in turn must choose, from among themselves, the most trustworthy, honest, caring and strong leadership team. Those chosen must meet as a group. Such a group will among themselves choose their leader of excellence from among them. It will then be easy for them to put their trust in their leader, because they are the honest, trustworthy ones - elected by the good people of the masses. This needs the belief that "a honest few can make a big difference and an unguided mass wreck havoc".

The leader, under the advisory of the honest "board", will have the final say after listening to every honest one's opinion. Trust is a given amongst honest people. Mistrust is prevalent in a group that do not know each other's work ethic. The trusted few were chosen by their own people based on their work ethic track record. An election of true leaders is not impossible, because life always shows us who are the trustworthy, honest, hardworking, selfless people - but the often masses choose to ignore it, because they often support the popular ones -so that they get popularity and then they believe that popular mass unity is power. It is the yearning for popularity and power that allow the masses to be fooled by voting for self-appointed groups who manoeuvre and sweet-talk to get elected by a mass of ill-informed, gullible people who have power and not honesty as their focus. It is not surprising that after the vote the same masses are disillusioned. Many do not realise that ONLY the unity of good people is powerful even if they are a few. But when the good people fail to unite and have the strength to come forward to serve, all will suffer.

The trustworthy leader must then make every effort to harness the goodness of his/her nation to serve as many people's needs as possible and take the responsibility to serve those, the masses are unable to reach. In such a case the service provision is large and the budget small. This will leave an enormous amount of money available to advance the country. When a leader provides the needs of the people from the people, he/she needs less staff to run the country. A government that waits for people to ask for their needs, needs a large staff to deal with all the complaints and requests and in the process billions are spent on an enormous staff complement that really do not care for the people they serve, but only the money they can earn - few in government do care, but they are overwhelmed by bad elements and flawed structures. This is where the crux of the problem of modern-day governments lie - large groups of people, in divergent departments, dealing with requests and complaints that could have been seen to if government just went out and serve, instead of waiting for the people to come to them and beg - that is power-play, not powerful leadership.

The power of people's real honesty, care and service can be seen in the reports on natural disasters  - when the financial and physical help of just the people outstripped the governments contribution and help they could give the nation. Well that should be enough evidence that we can help ourselves if we can tap into our true human qualities and stop depending on others. Each of us has something to give another to supply the needs of everyone - without a large body of state officials who are often in meetings and never available.

What all people need is a free, good and unrestricted holistic education, medical care and safety and security. It is often that when a community is well knit and supportive that all these needs are available without any state department intervention. A very good example are indigenous peoples who fend for themselves, thrive and live in peace - it is only when multinationals with state help converge on indigenous people that all problems occur.

The known facts of the above calls upon us to get going in guiding the process of self-sufficiency and progress for every family,  community and country.


Thursday, April 3, 2014

Holistic Education - 786 - The Practical Model



Holistic Education - 786 -The Practical model


Holistic Education is presently (since 2009) raising its head in various discussions in Educational, Religious, Economic, Psychological and Political circles.What is clear is that there is a lack of structural implementation of processes to make Holism possible. This is so because within a fragmented, western, capitalistic ethos that was built on divide and rule, feeding the ego through difference and quelling the value of unity of all for all - fractional professionals were created who do not have the skills to think truly and practice holistically. The need for a new holistic approach in all fields and the appeal for the rewriting of specialised secularly influenced disciplines, is the 2008/2009 economic crash of the Capitalistic System which showed the flaws of specialisation without the holistic awareness of the integrated nature of all phenomena. It is at this point  I invite you the reader to open my discussion of Holistic Leisure Learning (HLL) on Youtube Videos or to open the text document on Transformation of Education towards Distinguished Awareness on my Bo-Kaap: Helper Blog. Your comments and discussions will be welcomed. Thank you all.


Thursday, September 19, 2013

FET Examinations and Answers

786 FET Examination Questions and Answers

Nature: Physics

1. List the core steps of the scientific method.
Answer: Identify what, Predict result (hypothesis), Design Experiment, Determine Control elements (unchanging ones) and variable (changing ones), Collect data, Interpret, Verify results, Explore Findings, Formulate the Pattern of events, Write the Law of the Result. 

2.  Choose from the words below to fit the sentences/ statements:
Amplitude, Velocity, Period, Speed.
a. The number of meters travelled per second...
b. .....is the Maximum vertical distance a wave rises or drops from the equilibrium position
c. The pace at which a wave moves per second is called ....
d. ....is the time a wave takes to pass a given point.
Answer: a) Velocity. b) Amplitude. c) Speed. d) Period. 

3. Which apparatus will represent electrolysis?
Answer: Two rods in an Electrolyte solution with a current attached to it

4. Give the name of CuCl2 and as what will it function?
Answer: Copper Chloride, functions as an ionic electrolyte that will allow ions to freely flow when the current is switched on.

5. Why are Carbon Electrodes used when CuCl2 is the electrolyte?
Answer: Carbon does not have an affinity (attraction/ reaction) with Copper/ Chorine

6. What is Electrolysis?
Answer: The process in which electric current is used to separate ionic compounds

7. Give the Chemical Equation of the reaction caused by the current sent through a CuCl2 solution.
CuCl2 -> Cu++  + Cl--

8. Explain why the Cu-deposit settles onto the Cathode (- Charged Electrode) and the Cl2 gas bubbles at the Anode(+ Charged Electrode)
Answer: The Cu -ions are positively charged and is therefore attracted to the Cathode (- electrode). This is the brown deposit on the negative electrode. The Cl2 gas are negatively charged ions that are attracted to the + Charged electron (anode), hence/therefore the bubbles at the positive electrode.

9. Match Column Numbers and B Letters                               
1. Vacuum
A. Light Bending
2. Displacement
B. rear-view mirror
3. Refraction
C. waves bend at ends
4. Reflection                                    
D. Space with no air molecules
5. Concave Mirror                            
E. higher wave
6. Convex Mirror                              
F. Direction
7. Super Position                              
G. Shaving
8. Diffraction                                    
H. Straight-line distance
9. Vector                                          
I.  no direction
10. Scaler                                          
J. light ray bounces off at 90 degrees

Answers: 1-D; 2-H; 3-A; 4-J; 5-G; 6-B; 7-E; 8-C; 9-F; 10-I. 

10. In reaction 2H2 + 02 ->  2H20
a. Give the names of the reactants
b. How many moles of reactants yield how many moles of the product
c. Give the Molar ratio of the above reaction

Answer: 
a. Hydrogen, Oxygen. 
b. Water
c. 2moles of Hydrogen, 1mole of Oxygen yield 2moles of Water
d. 2:1:2

11. The electron in a hydrogen atom is on average 5x10 to power minus 11 meters from the proton in the nucleus of the atom. Calculate the Electrostatic Force (F) of attraction between a proton and an electron separated by 5 x 10 to power minus 11. (K= 9 x 10 to the power plus 9; Proton Charge = Electron Charge = 1,6 x 10 to the power minus 19; F=K Qq/r squared)

Answer:

F = K Qq/r squared
   = 9 x 10 to the power 9 x 1,6 x 10 to the power minus 19 x 1,6 x 10 to the power minus 19 DIVIDE by 5 x 10 to the power minus 11 squared
   = 9,216 x 10 to the power minus 8 Newton

12. Two athletes R and L compete in a 100m event. R accelerates uniformly @ 2m/s from his starting block for 4 seconds to reach his maximum speed.
a) what is R's maximum speed?

v = u + at
   = 0 + 2(4)
   = 8 m/s maximum speed

b) What distance does he run in the 4 seconds?

s = ut + 1/2 at squared 
  = 0(4) = 1/2 (2)(4)squared
  = 16 metres

c) How long will R take to finish the race?

t =  change in s/ change in v
 = 100-16m/ 8
 = 10,5sec

d) If L is 6m behind R and runs 9m/s. Who will win ?

t = 84m + 6m/ 9
  = 10 sec 'L' is faster and will win the race.